Rakhigarhi supports Bharat Chakravarti theory and supports Aryan Invasion as root of vedic culture

Rakhigarhi DNA Analysis Summary:

• DNA analysis provides strong evidence supporting the Aryan invasion theory and supports the idea of cultural mixing between Bharat (India) and the Middle East (and further west) dating back at least 4000 BCE. Immigration and open borders can erode cultural heritage. 
• Vedic culture came to Bharat, Jainism was their dravidian culture. Realizing this mind bending truth, they have stopped further study of Rakhigiri. India always stops any excavation that proves vedic culture as immigrant culture. Jain Mahabharta and Jain Ramayana are ultimate truths of the land.
• DNA analysis further strengthens the theory that the Bharat Chakravarti kingdom extended to the Middle East, where he practiced Ahimsa (Peace through strength), allowing local populations to maintain their sovereignty without causing any DNA intermixing, unlike the warrior clans of Aryans.
• The Vedas likely originated much later (around 2000-1500 BCE) due to the influx of Eurasian pastoralists, during which wars and mythical creatures were glorified and incorporated into Bharat (Indian) texts.
• Brahmins in Bharat (India) have more Steppe DNA than other groups in India, suggesting that their ancestors migrated to India.

The Rakhigarhi site, located in Haryana, India, is one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), dating back to around 2500 BCE. In 2019, a landmark study published in the journal Cell analyzed ancient DNA (aDNA) extracted from the skeletal remains of a single individual—a woman buried at the site. This was the first successful genome sequencing from the core IVC region, after screening over 60 samples, with only one yielding usable data due to poor preservation in the hot, humid climate.

Key Findings from the DNA Analysis

• Genetic Composition:

  • Iranian-Related Ancestry: Approximately 50-70% of the DNA was linked to ancient populations from the Zagros Mountains in modern-day Iran and surrounding regions. These were early Neolithic farmers who lived around 10,000-7,000 years ago, before widespread farming in the region. This component suggests gene flow from West Eurasia into South Asia during the late Neolithic or early Chalcolithic period (around 7000-5000 BCE), likely associated with the spread of agriculture.

    • There is a theory that Rishabdev's father, King Nabhi, taught farming to everyone. Historical proofs have been found for farming before 10,000 BCE as well.

  • Ancient Ancestral South Indian (AASI) Ancestry: The remaining portion of the DNA was derived from local South Asian populations, often referred to as AASI (Ancestral South Indians), who are considered the indigenous "first Indians" with roots tracing back tens of thousands of years. This component represents deep indigenous South Asian lineages and is distinct from Southeast Asian or Australasian ancestry.

• Absence of Steppe Ancestry: Notably, the Rakhigarhi genome lacked any detectable ancestry from Eurasian Steppe pastoralists (associated with groups like the Yamnaya culture). This steppe component is found in many modern Indian populations and is linked to later migrations around 2000-1500 BCE, often tied to the introduction of Indo-European languages and Vedic culture in South Asia.

• Methodological Details:

  • The DNA was extracted from the petrous bone (part of the inner ear), which preserves genetic material better than teeth or other bones in tropical conditions.

  • Advanced sequencing techniques were used to compare the genome with over 500 ancient samples from Eurasia, confirming the Iranian-AASI mix as typical of Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) "Indus Periphery" populations.

• Connection to Iranian DNA:

  • The Iranian-related ancestry in the Rakhigarhi sample is closest to ancient genomes from sites like Tepe Yahya and Shahr-i Sokhta in Iran and Turkmenistan (dating 5000-3000 BCE). These populations were part of a broader "Iranian farmer" cline that spread eastward, contributing to the genetic makeup of the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC).

  • Modern Iranians have additional ancestries (e.g., from Anatolian farmers and later steppe groups), but the shared component indicates bidirectional gene flow across the Iranian Plateau and Indus region during prehistory.

  • The direction is generally interpreted as westward-to-eastward migration, with Iranian farmers moving into South Asia rather than vice versa, based on archaeological evidence of farming technologies spreading from the Fertile Crescent.

• Connection to Modern Indian DNA:

  • Today's Indian populations, particularly in North India, show a three-way admixture: the IVC-like base (Iranian + AASI), plus later steppe ancestry (10-20% in many groups).

  • South Indians have higher AASI proportions, while groups like Brahmins often have more steppe input.

  • The Rakhigarhi genome is a close proxy for the "Ancestral North Indian" (ANI) component minus the steppe, and it aligns with higher IVC ancestry in groups like Gujaratis.

  • This suggests genetic continuity from the IVC to modern Indians, but with post-IVC migrations adding diversity.

  • Comparisons with 11 other "Indus Periphery" samples from Iran and Central Asia showed similar profiles, reinforcing that the IVC was part of a genetically interconnected network spanning South and Central Asia.

• Political Implications:

  • The study has been politically charged in India, with some interpretations using it to debunk the Aryan Migration Theory (due to no steppe ancestry in the IVC sample).

  • Others note it doesn't address later migrations evidenced in other ancient DNA (aDNA) studies.

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Integrating the Bharat Chakravarti Kingdom Theory

• The Bharat Chakravarti theory posits that the Rakhigarhi DNA analysis takes a step forward toward proving the existence of an ancient Bharat kingdom more than 10,000-27,000 years ago, by tracing the expansive realm of Bharat Chakravarti—a legendary chakravartin (universal emperor) in Jain and Hindu traditions whose kingdom is said to have spanned the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East.

  • In this view, the shared genetic linkages between Rakhigarhi and Iranian populations indicate that genomes in Iran are of Bharatiya (ancient Indian) origin, rather than the other way around, suggesting outward expansion from Bharat.

• Proponents argue that Bharat spread its culture to the Middle East through non-violent means, embodying a philosophy of "peace through strength," where the chakravartin ruler expanded influence without warfare. This contrasts with Middle Eastern and Western cultures that glorified wars and warrior kings.

  • Over time, this theory claims, such aggressive influences seeped back into Bharat, diluting its original non-violent ethos.

• While mainstream archaeology dates the IVC to 3300-1300 BCE and attributes Iranian linkages to westward migrations, this perspective reframes the DNA evidence as supporting an older, pan-regional Bharatiya civilization that predates and influenced Iranian populations, potentially aligning with Puranic timelines of vast ancient empires.

  • However, this interpretation remains speculative and lacks direct substantiation from the 2019 study or broader genetic data, which emphasize migrations into South Asia.